Today I want to tell you a little bit about the history of microscopy. What does the microscope do? With that in mind, let's take a look at the history of microscopy.

As early as the first century BC, it was discovered that small objects can be viewed through a spherical transparent object, allowing it to zoom in on the image. Later, the law that the spherical glass surface can make the object enlarge imaging has been understood gradually. In 1590, eyeglasses manufacturers in the Netherlands and Italy built amplifying instruments that resembled microscopes. Around 1610, Galileo of Italy and Kepler of Germany changed the distance between objective lens and eyepiece while studying the telescope, and obtained reasonable optical path structure of microscope. At that time, optical craftsmen engaged in making, popularizing and improving the microscope.

In the mid-17th century, Robert hooke of England and Leeuwenhoek of the Netherlands both made remarkable contributions to the development of microscopes. Around 1665, hooker added coarse and micro focusing mechanism, lighting system and working table for bearing specimen to the microscope. These parts have been improved to become the basic components of modern microscopes.

From 1673 to 1677, levine tiger controlled into a single-unit magnifying glass type of high-power microscope, of which nine have been preserved till now. Using a self-made microscope, hooker and lewin hochley have made outstanding achievements in the study of the microstructure of animal and plant organisms. In the 19th century, the appearance of high quality achromatic leachate objective lens greatly improved the ability of the microscope to observe the fine structure.

In 1827, aki was the first to use an immersion objective. In the 1870s, the German abbe laid the classical theory of microscopic imaging. These all contributed to the rapid development of microscope manufacturing and microscopic observation techniques, and provided powerful tools for biologists and medical scientists, including Koch and Pasteur, to discover bacteria and microorganisms in the second half of the 19th century.

With the development of microscopy itself, the technology of microscopy has been constantly innovated. Interference microscopy appeared in 1893. In 1935 a Dutch physicist named zelnick created phase contrast microscopy, for which he won the Nobel Prize in physics in 1953.

Classical optical microscopes are a combination of optical and precision mechanical components that use the human eye as a receiver to view magnified images. Later, photographic equipment was added to the microscope, using photographic film as a receiver for recording and storage. In modern times, photoelectric element, television camera tube and charge-coupled device are widely used as the receiver of microscope.

An optical lens made of curved glass or other transparent materials can magnify an image. An optical microscope USES this principle to magnify small objects to the size that the human eye can observe. Modern optical microscopes usually use two-stage amplification, which is accomplished by objective and eyepiece respectively. The observed object is located in front of the objective lens, which is amplified into an inverted real image by the objective lens at the first level, and then the real image is further amplified by the ocular lens at the second level, forming a virtual image, which is what human eyes see. The total magnification rate of microscope is the product of objective magnification rate and eyepiece magnification rate. Magnification refers to the magnification ratio of the linear dimensions, not the area ratio.

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